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Cyen

A programming language

Cyen is a general-purpose programming language designed for readability and flexibility. It combines syntax rules from Python, Java, TypeScript, C, Rust, Haskell, and Lua, and introduces various new concepts in programming.

I wanted to make Cyen a bit different from usual programming languages, while not immediately deviating from the path of usual programming languages.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cyen Program to find the factors of a number
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

@ int -> void
func printFactors(x):
    println "The factors of #x are:"

    for loc i in 1..x+1 where x % i == 0:
        println i
    ::
::

loc fixed NUM: int = 320
printFactors NUM

See the navigation at the top of this page for more in-depth information about specific features of Cyen. I will update this page and add more pages there as I work out ideas.

Features

Conditional statements

If-else

if expression:
    ~~ Things happen here
else if anotherExpression:
    ~~ Other things happen here
else:
    ~~ Remaining things happen here
::

Switch

Switch statements are a bit different from how they are provided in most languages. It takes advantage of Cyen’s design of code blocks. Main differences are that there is no default label (unlike C, this is instead the code before any case label) and that each case block separates its own action, so there’s no need to use a break keyword. More on switch statements and their design coming later.

switch expression:
    ~~ Default action
case value1:
    ~~ Action 1
case value2, value3:
    ~~ Action 2
::

Loops

Conditional loops

An until loop is the exact same as a while loop with the inverted condition. Cyen provides syntactic sugar for easy inverting of the entire condition without having to change the condition directly.

while condition:
    ~~ waiting...
::

until condition:
    ~~ impatient waiting...
::

Range loops

for i in a..b:
    ~~ i goes from a (inclusive) to b (exclusive)
::

for i in a..b where condition:
    ~~ i goes over any number from a to b for which condition holds
::

Iterator loops

for i in iterable:
    ~~ i goes over all elements in the iterable
::

for i in iterable where condition:
    ~~ i goes over all elements in the iterable for which condition holds
::

Infinite loops

forever:
    ~~ never stopping, unless you break me
::

Control in loops

loc i: int = 0
while i < 10:
    ~~ do stuff

    ~~ Instantly go to the next iteration
    continue

    ~~ Instantly leave the loop
    break

finally:
    ~~ Invoked at the end of each iteration,
    ~~ whether 'continue'/'break' is used or not
    ~~ Useful to modify the loop counter in complicated loops
    incr i
then:
    ~~ Invoked when the loop exited without break
    ~~ You can still 'break' here to jump to the 'else' block
else:
    ~~ Invoked when the loop exited via 'break'
    ~~ This only invoked when the loop itself is broken,
    ~~ if an outer loop/block is exited via 'break', this block
    ~~ is ignored
::

Functions

@ () -> bool
func paradox:
    return not paradox!
::

With parameters

@ (int, int, ...[int]) -> void
func noReturnValue(but, three, params):
    ~~ 'params' is an '[int]' but the '...' indicates
    ~~ that it must collect any extra argument after the first
    ~~ two arguments into a list
::

With type parameters

@ T -> T where T: num
func square(n):
    return n * n
::

Type signatures

any is any type
- num is any numeric type
  - int is an integer
  - float is a floating point number
- str is a string
  - regex is a regular expression (it’s assignable to str)
- bool is a boolean
- range is a range of numbers
int? is an integer pointer that may be null
[int] is an array of integers
[!int] is an array of integers whose elements may not be set
(int, str) is a tuple of an integer and a string

Hi! I'm Samū, a furry, artist and game developer from the Netherlands. This is my blog, where I write about my projects and ideas.

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